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ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ : 04-01-20 19:31
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PL-94-142 required six specific assurances from state education agencies:
1. Zero reject: A free, appropriate public education must be provided to all children with disabilities regardless of the nature or severity of the disability. School must enroll every child; no school-age child with a disability may be excluded from school.
2. Nondiscriminatory assessment: Each state must establish diagnostic and assessment procedures to eliminate racial or cultural bias in the identification systems; furthermore, no child may be classified as eligible for special education services based on only one test, or on the opinion of only one professional.
3. Procedural due process: Due process must be established in each state for children with disabilities and their families; safeguards to protect the rights of students with disabilities ant their families must include not only due process procedures but also confidentiality of records.
4. Individualized education program: Each child receiving special education must have a written individualized education program (IEP) that includes assessment of current education performance, annual goals and short-term instructional objectives, provision of educational services (date of initiation and anticipated length or service), and procedures for evaluating progress toward objective.
5. Least-restrictive environment: School must provide a continuum or service delivery options for educating students with disabilities; settings that permit maximum access to peers without disabilities are the most desirable placement options and constitute the least-restrictive environment for students with disabilities.
6. Parental participation: Parents of children with disabilities are entitled to notice, consultation and hearings regarding their child¡¯s special education services. They must be given opportunities to participate in, and present complaints about, their child¡¯s identification, evaluation, placement, and IEP.
°ø¹ý 94-142 ³ª 1975³âÀÇ Àü Àå¾Ö¾Æ ±³À°Á¶Ç× µîÀÇ Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ ¹ý·ü°³Á¤ÀÇ °á°úµµ ¸ðµç Àå¾Ö¾ÆµéÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÑ ±³À°À» ¹ÞÀ» ±Ç¸®¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù´Â »ç°íÀÇ ½ÇÇàÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¹ýÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ¸ðµç Àå¾Ö¾ÆµéÀ» ÀڽŵéÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ ¿ä±¸¿¡ ºÎÇÕÇϵµ·Ï ¼³°èµÈ ¹«»ó±³À°À» ¹Þ´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸ÀåÇÏ°í Àå¾ÖÀΰú ±×µéÀÇ ºÎ¸ð ±×¸®°í º¸È£ÀÚµéÀÇ ±Ç¸®¸¦ º¸ÀåÇϸç, ÁÖ¿Í Áö¹æÀº ±³±¸Á¦°øÀ» º¸Á¶Çϸç, ±³À°ÀûÀÎ ³ë·ÂÀÇ È¿À²¼ºÀ» Æò°¡ÇÏ°í º¸ÀåÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
°ø¹ý 94-142´Â ´ÙÀ½ »çÇ×µéÀ» ¸í¹®ÈÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
1. 3¼¼¿¡¼ 21¼¼ÀÇ ¸ðµç ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº Àå¾Ö°¡ ¹«¾ùÀ̵çÁö °£¿¡ ÀûÀýÇÑ ¹«»ó°ø±³À°À» ¹ÞÀ» ±Ç¸®¸¦ ºÎ¿©¹Þ´Â´Ù.
2. Ư¼ö±³À°À» ¹Þ´Â ¸ðµç ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº ÀûÀýÇÏ°í °øÁ¤ÇÏ°Ô Æò°¡¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÑ °¡Áö ÀÌ»óÀÇ Æò°¡ÀýÂ÷À¯ÇüÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ¾î¾ß Çϸç, °Ë»ç´Â ÀÎÁ¾À̳ª ¹®ÈÀû Æí°ßÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸ç ÈƷùÞÀº Àü¹®°¡¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ½Ç½ÃµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
3. °³º°È±³À° ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº Ư¼ö±³À°À» ¹Þ´Â °¢ ¾Æµ¿µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±¸Á¶ÈµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀ» ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ ÇöÀç ±â´É, ±³À°¸ñÇ¥, Àå±â¸ñÇ¥, ¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ ±³À°Àû ¼ºñ½º, ±â´ëµÇ´Â ¼ºñ½º ½Ã°£, Æò°¡ÀýÂ÷ µîÀ» °í·ÁÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. IEP´Â À§¿øȸ¿Í ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ ºÎ¸ðµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ 1³â¸¶´Ù °ËÅäµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
4. Àå¾Ö¾ÆµéÀº ºñÀå¾Ö¾Æµé°ú ÇÔ²² ±³À°¹Þ¾Æ¾ß Çϸç, ÃÖ´ëÇÑ ÀûÀýÈ÷ È®ÀåÇϱâ À§ÇØ ±ÛÀ» ÃÖ¼Ò Á¦ÇÑÀû ȯ°æ¿¡ ¹èÄ¡µÇ¾î¾ß Çϸç, °¡Á¤°ú °¡±î¿î °÷¿¡ ¹èÄ¡µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
5. ºÎ¸ð³ª ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ ±Ç¸®´Â Ư¼ö±³À°°úÁ¤À» ÅëÇØ º¸È£¹Þ¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ºÎ¸ðµéÀº °áÁ¤¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ°í ±â·Ï °ËÅä, ±³À°°èȹ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÎ¸ðÀÇ°ßÀÌ ÇØ°áµÉ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸é û¹®È¸¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÒ ±Ç¸®¸¦ °¡Áø´Ù. ¸ðµç ÀýÂ÷µéÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±Ç¸®µéÀ» º¸ÀåÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¼³¸³µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.(Haring, 1986)
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